Aqua, meaning water, contributes to a product's light structure that easily penetrates the skin. It can also help better distribute other active ingredients across the skin and hydrate and rejuvenate the skin. This can enhance the effectiveness of the serum and support the skin in staying young and healthy.

Ascorbic acid, which has strong antioxidant properties in skin care, protects skin cells from damage caused by free radicals and may help reduce signs of skin aging. It also supports collagen production, enhancing skin elasticity and evening out skin tone. This ingredient can help reduce spots and pigmentation, contributing to a brighter and more youthful appearance of the skin.

Glycerin is a moisturizing agent. Glycerin moisturizes the skin and helps retain moisture within the skin. This helps maintain the skin's moisture balance while also ensuring it remains soft and supple. Additionally, glycerin strengthens the skin barrier and protects it from external aggressors. This can help the skin retain its moisture while assisting in keeping it healthy and youthful.

Hydroxyethylcellulose gives the skin a smooth feel. Additionally, this component can prevent products from sticking to the skin and facilitate easy absorption.

Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is a more effective form of sodium hyaluronate, which is a type of hyaluronic acid. With a high water retention capacity in the skin, this component increases the skin's moisture levels, helping it appear fuller and more hydrated. Additionally, Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer may help reduce wrinkles and fine lines, promoting a younger and healthier appearance of the skin. This component also ensures the skin feels soft and smooth and aids in the easy spreading of the product onto the skin.

Sodium Hyaluronate helps moisturize and plump the skin. This component, which is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin, aiding in retaining water in the skin and increasing its moisture levels. This results in a more hydrated, plump, and youthful appearance of the skin. Additionally, Sodium Hyaluronate strengthens the skin barrier and may assist in reducing fine lines and wrinkles on the skin's surface.

Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate is a derivative of hyaluronic acid that contains the sodium salt. When applied to the skin, Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin, aiding in trapping water in the skin and increasing its moisture levels. This results in a more hydrated, plump, and youthful appearance of the skin. Additionally, this component enhances skin elasticity, may help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and contributes to improving skin texture. Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate is known as an effective ingredient in skincare products for rejuvenating and moisturizing the skin.

Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is used in skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. This component is a derivative of hyaluronic acid and has a smaller molecular weight, which allows for better absorption by the skin. When applied to the skin, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate increases the skin's moisture balance and provides deep hydration. Additionally, it enhances skin elasticity, reduces the appearance of wrinkles, and aids in skin texture improvement. This component also promotes soft and smooth skin, can even out skin tone, and contributes to maintaining youthful and healthy-looking skin.

Sodium PCA helps to maintain and increase the skin's moisture levels. When applied to the skin, Sodium PCA draws moisture from the surrounding air and traps it in the skin, keeping it moist, soft, and supple. Additionally, Sodium PCA can support the cellular renewal process of skin cells, contributing to a healthier and more youthful appearance. This component also helps to maintain the skin's pH balance and optimize its moisture levels.

Erythritol is a natural sugar alcohol. It has moisturizing properties and can be used in skincare products as a moisturizer or stabilizer. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties and can protect skin cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Chondrus Crispus, commonly known as "Irish moss" is a species of red algae. This seaweed is known for its moisturizing and skin-protective properties in skincare. Chondrus Crispus helps increase skin moisture and hydration. Additionally, it strengthens the skin barrier and aids in protecting the skin from external aggressors. This seaweed can also reduce redness, even out skin tone, and contribute to a healthier-looking complexion.

Xanthan Gum is primarily used to stabilize the formulation. This ingredient helps maintain the product's homogeneous consistency, making it easier to apply the serum onto the skin.

Ferulic Acid, known for its powerful antioxidant properties, is a phenolic compound naturally found in plants. In skincare, it's recognized for its ability to protect sun-exposed skin cells from damage caused by free radicals, thereby reducing signs of premature aging. Additionally, when used in combination with other antioxidants like Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and Vitamin E (tocopherol), ferulic acid can enhance their effects. This combination may promote healthier and younger-looking skin, even out skin tone, and help reduce the appearance of spots. Ferulic acid can also reduce inflammation in the skin, contributing to a calmer and more balanced complexion.

Salix Purpurea Bark Extract, derived from a plant extract commonly known as "purple willow bark," contains a compound called salicin, which is actually a natural derivative of aspirin and possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In skincare, Salix Purpurea Bark Extract can help soothe the skin and reduce inflammation. Additionally, this extract may balance oil production in the skin and help diminish the appearance of acne and other skin issues. Moreover, this ingredient can aid in the removal of dead skin cells and impurities from the skin, resulting in a cleaner and brighter complexion.

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, commonly known as green tea leaf extract, is derived from the leaves of the green tea plant. This extract possesses powerful antioxidant properties, which help protect skin cells from damage caused by free radicals and may aid in reducing signs of premature aging. Additionally, green tea leaf extract can help reduce inflammation, soothe the skin, and alleviate redness. It may also balance oil production in the skin and prevent acne formation. Moreover, green tea leaf extract can reduce uneven skin tone, improve skin texture, and promote a brighter and more radiant complexion.

Alpha-Glucan Oligosaccharide is a natural polysaccharide with prebiotic properties. Primarily, it promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria on the skin's surface and helps balance the skin microbiota. This contributes to strengthening the skin's protective barrier and reducing skin sensitivity. Additionally, Alpha-Glucan Oligosaccharide can increase moisture levels in the skin and maintain the skin's hydration balance while also reinforcing the skin barrier. This ingredient also supports the skin's natural defense system and can help make the skin more resilient to external factors.

Phenethyl Alcohol is commonly known as a naturally occurring aromatic alcohol. It is added to products as a fragrant component to provide a pleasant scent or can be used as a deodorizing agent. Additionally, it may possess antiseptic properties and help in preserving the product.

1,2-Hexanediol is a type of glycol, which is a kind of alcohol. It can help enhance the viscosity and stability of the product. Additionally, it possesses antimicrobial properties and may help prevent the growth of microorganisms in the product.

Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, commonly known as licorice root, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin against damage caused by free radicals and reduce inflammation. Additionally, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract may help even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and contribute to a brighter complexion. This ingredient may also enhance skin elasticity, diminish the appearance of wrinkles, and aid in skin rejuvenation.